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    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook116 pages44 minutes

    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder in which the patient finds difficulty saying words because of disorders with the muscles that assist the patient to talk.
    Dysarthria occurs from impaired movement of the muscles utilized for speech production, such as the lips, tongue, vocal folds, and diaphragm.
    The type and severity of dysarthria are dependent on which area of the nervous system is involved.
    The muscles used for speech are managed by the brain and nervous system.
    Dysarthria can form if either of these is injured in some way.
    Dysarthria can either be:
    1. Developmental
    It happens as a result of brain damage before or during birth, such as in cerebral palsy
    2. Acquired
    It happens as the result of brain changes later in life, such as damage caused by a stroke, head injury or brain tumor, or a progressive disorder such as Parkinson's disease
    Dysarthria in children is normally developmental while dysarthria in adults is often acquired, even though both types can affect people of any age.
    Symptoms:
    A person with dysarthria may show the following speech characteristics:
    1. "Slurred," "choppy," or "mumbled" speech that may be difficult to understand
    2. Slow rate of speech
    3. Rapid rate of speech with a "mumbling" quality
    4. Limited tongue, lip, and jaw movement
    5. Abnormal pitch and rhythm when speaking
    6. Changes in voice quality, such as hoarse or breathless voice or speech that sounds "nasal" or "stuffy"
    Diagnosis:
    Family and friends may be required to help with the medical history.
    An intervention called laryngoscopy to see the voice box clearly may be done.
    During this procedure, a flexible viewing scope is inserted into the mouth and throat to view the voice box.
    Tests that may be done if the cause of the dysarthria is not known are:
    1. Blood tests for toxins or vitamin levels
    2. Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan of the brain or neck
    3. Nerve conduction studies and electromyogram to check the electrical function of the nerves or muscles
    4. Swallowing study, which may include x-rays and drinking a special liquid
    The speech therapist may also want to evaluate the movement of the muscles in the mouth and voice box (larynx), and may wish to make a recording of the voice.
    Treatment
    The patient may need to be referred to a speech and language therapist for testing and treatment.
    Special skills the patient may learn are:
    1. Safe chewing or swallowing techniques, if required
    2. To avoid conversations when the patient are tired
    3. To repeat sounds over and over again so the patient can learn mouth movements
    4. To speak slowly, use a louder voice, and pause to make sure other people understand
    5. What to do when the patient feel frustrated while speaking
    The patient can use many different devices or techniques to help with speech, such as:
    1. Apps that use photos or speech
    2. Computers or cell phones to type out words
    3. Flip cards with words or symbols
    Surgery may help people with dysarthria.
    A speech and language therapist will work as part of a healthcare team that has people from the health, social and voluntary sector.
    The therapist will try to improve and increase the patient or the child's ability to talk.
    They will help the patient find different methods of communicating, and will help the patient and the family in adjusting to the new situation.
    They may advise:
    1. Strategies to improve speech, such as slowing speech down
    2. Exercises to enhance the volume or clarity of speech
    3. Assistive devices, such as a simple alphabet board, an amplifier, or a computerized voice output system
    Types of Dysarthria
    1. Spastic
    2. Flaccid
    3. Ataxic
    4. Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic
    5. Mixed dysarthria

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Dysarthria
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJul 24, 2017
    ISBN9781370597987
    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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    Book preview

    Dysarthria, (Motor Speech Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

    Dysarthria,

    (Motor Speech Disorder)

    A

    Simple

    Guide

    To

    The Condition,

    Diagnosis,

    Treatment

    And

    Related Conditions

    By

    Dr Kenneth Kee

    M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

    Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

    Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

    Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

    Dedication

    This book is dedicated

    To my wife Dorothy

    And my children

    Carolyn, Grace

    And Kelvin

    This book describes Dysarthria, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

    (What The patient Need to Treat Dysarthria)

    This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

    If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

    Thank the patient for respecting the hard work of this author.

    Introduction

    I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

    My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

    Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

    I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

    This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

    From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 amazon kindle books and 200 into Smashwords.com eBooks.

    Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

    For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

    The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

    The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

    Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

    As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

    Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

    I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

    I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

    I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

    Chapter 1

    Dysarthria

    What is Dysarthria?

    Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder in which the patient finds difficulty saying words because of disorders with the muscles that assist the patient to talk.

    Dysarthria occurs from impaired movement of the muscles utilized for speech production, such as the lips, tongue, vocal folds, and diaphragm.

    The type and severity of dysarthria are dependent on which area of the nervous system is involved.

    The muscles used for speech are managed by the brain and nervous system.

    Dysarthria can form if either of these is injured in some way.

    Dysarthria can either be:

    1. Developmental

    It happens as a result of brain damage before or during birth, such as in cerebral palsy

    2. Acquired

    It happens as the result of brain changes later in life, such as damage caused by a stroke, head injury or brain tumor, or a progressive disorder such as Parkinson's disease or motor neuron disease

    Dysarthria in children is normally developmental while dysarthria in adults is often acquired, even though both types can affect people of any age.

    Whether dysarthria will improve with speech and language therapy is dependent on the cause and the extent of the brain injury or dysfunction.

    Some causes remain stable while others may worsen over time.

    Speech-related conditions

    1. Dysarthria

    Difficulty speaking caused by brain damage, which results in an inability to control the muscles used in speech

    2. Dysphagia

    Difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia may be a symptom of dysarthria

    3. Dysphasia or aphasia

    Language problems could be difficulty understanding language (receptive dysphasia) or expressing the language (expressive dysphasia)

    4. Dyspraxia and ataxia

    Problems with physical co-ordination can also sometimes affect the movements needed for speech

    What are the causes of Dysarthria?

    Causes

    In a patient with dysarthria, a nerve, brain, or muscle disorder induces it to be hard to use or regulate the muscles of the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords.

    The muscles may be weak or totally paralyzed

    It may be difficult for the muscles to work together.

    Dysarthria may be the effect of brain damage due to:

    1. Brain injury

    2. Brain tumor

    3. Dementia

    Diseases that induce the brain to lose its function (degenerative brain disease):

    1. Multiple sclerosis

    2. Parkinson disease

    3. Stroke

    Dysarthria

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