CSR: Roots in PHILOSOPHY
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Or how to bring about eternal happiness in this life? This book will delve deeper into the naked realities of life which affirm the necessity of CSR for the welfare and progress of the society.
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CSR - Dr. Joji Valli
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Introduction
Philosophy aims at individual liberation through cessation of pain and suffering. The world around what we see is full of miseries and suffering. Human life is a saga of suffering, pain and happiness. Although happiness is there when we take the proportion of suffering and pain — it is not equated or balanced. Human beings from time immemorial have been probing into this existential issue and asking the question — how to eliminate pain and suffering? Or how to bring about eternal happiness in this life?
The emergence of religion was, to certain extent, an answer for those perennial existential questions. Religions claimed instant or perpetual cure and shortcuts to happiness through prayer and worship. In some cases religion helped to find answers to the perennial quest. In many cases, followers were made slaves or addicts of each religion, still the same suffering and pain remained in human life. Thus, Karl Marx called religion as the opium of the people.¹
Learned people realized that there can never be an antidote for cessation of pain and suffering. So, human being who is undergoing suffering needs to be supported by those who are not affected by it. This pragmatic thinking gave way to different philosophical tenets in the East and West.
This book probes into the Eastern and Western philosophical trends that helped the emergence of the concept called CSR. How these concepts or ideals emerged in shaping CSR for the betterment of the society? How CSR today is an emerging trend which was influenced by those age old concepts and its relevance even today to keep the balance of the society intact? And the chapter ends by giving a philosophical critique of that age old wealth diffusion techniques (philosophical concepts or ideals) like ashramas in which grihasthaashrama reminds the householder to carry out selflessly one's duties to family and society, serving the saints, and gainful labor thereby maintaining the Laws of Nature here on earth.
1. Philosophy as the Noblest Heritage
Philosophy is the noblest heritage of mankind, the eternal search for absolute truth — an effort to free from emotion to assess the situation of mankind in the cosmos. Philosophy is concerned with the understanding of the life and the universe. It is aimed at comprehending the nature of existence, including pain and suffering. Philosophy is a human endeavor that leads to the Ultimate Truth.
The English word ‘philosophy’ has its root in the Greek term – ‘philo–sophia.’
The term ‘philo’ refers to ‘love’ and ‘sophia’ refers to human reason. The Greek terms can be literally translated in English as ‘love of reason’ or love of human judgment and discrimination.
²
From the Indian viewpoint, the word ‘philosophy’ suggests observing and surveying
the existence.³
In Sanskrit, philosophy is referred to as ‘darshana’. The Sanskrit word ‘darshana’ has its root in the word ‘drs’ that means ‘to see’, ‘to look’ or ‘to view.’ ‘Seeing’ or ‘viewing’ the reality and the facts of experience forms the basis of philosophy. Senses, mind and even consciousness are involved in this ‘seeing.’ ‘Seeing’ also encompasses ‘contemplation.’ Seeing is not simply a sensory activity. ‘Seeing’ may primarily be a perceptual observation. But it may also concern the conceptual knowledge or an intuitional flash. Thus 'darshana' suggests vision. In other words, ‘darshana’ is a whole view revealed to the inner self, that which we term as the soul or the spirit or the inner being. Philosophy or ‘darshana’ is concerned with the vision of ‘truth and