Analysis Of German Operation Art Failures, The Battle Of Britain, 1940
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This paper examines the German Operational Art issues from a historical perspective. It concludes the failure of the Luftwaffe belongs to Reich-Marshall Goring, operational commander for the Battle of Britain. His main failure, as operational commander, was repeatedly making tactical decisions from the operational level rather than leaving this to on-the-scene tactical commanders. Secondly, he was never able to identify Fighter Command as the British Center of Gravity. Thirdly, he never understood the intelligence advantage gained by the British as a result of their newly invented radar early warning system. As a result, Germany lost the battle.
Lieutenant Colonel John Turner
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Analysis Of German Operation Art Failures, The Battle Of Britain, 1940 - Lieutenant Colonel John Turner
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Text originally published in 1994 under the same title.
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Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.
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ANALYSIS OF GERMAN OPERATION ART FAILURES
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
1940
by
John Turner Lieutenant Colonel, USAF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
ABSTRACT 5
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 6
Introduction 6
Background to The Battle of Britain 6
FORCE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE 9
Germany’s Luftwaffe 9
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN 13
Phase I (Kanalkampf): July 10 to early August. 13
Phase II (Operation Eagle) 13 to 18 August 14
Phase III: 24 August through 6 September 16
Phase IV (The Battle of London) 7 through 30 September 16
Phase V (September 30 through October 31): 17
GERMAN FAILURE TO ADHERE TO OPERATIONAL ART CONCEPTS 18
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 22
APPENDIX A-1 — LUFTWAFFE OPERATIONAL AREAS OF COMMAND WITHIN GERMANY JUST PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR II 23
APPENDIX A-2 — LUFTWAFFE CHAIN OF COMMAND, APRIL 1940 24
APPENDIX A-3 — GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR LUFTFLOTTEN 2 AND 3 AFTER THE FALL OF FRANCE SUMMER, 1940 25
APPENDIX A-4 — GEOGRAPHICAL ORGANIZATION OF BRITISH FIGHTER COMMAND AUGUST 1940 26
APPENDIX A-5 — GERMAN CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR OPERATION SEA LION AUGUST 1940 27
APPENDIX A-6 — BRITISH CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR HOME DEFENSE AUGUST 1940 28
REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY 30
Books 30
Unpublished Papers 31
ABSTRACT
The Battle of Britain was the first major defeat for the Germans of WWII. The Battle of Britain was an air operation designed to give Germany air superiority over both the English Channel and England. Gaining air superiority was considered by the Germany Army and Navy