Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Unavailable
    United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Project Trinity 1945-46, Operation Crossroads 1946, Operation Sandstone 1948 - Technical Data, Nuclear Test Personnel Review
    Unavailable
    United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Project Trinity 1945-46, Operation Crossroads 1946, Operation Sandstone 1948 - Technical Data, Nuclear Test Personnel Review
    Unavailable
    United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Project Trinity 1945-46, Operation Crossroads 1946, Operation Sandstone 1948 - Technical Data, Nuclear Test Personnel Review
    Ebook787 pages11 hours

    United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Project Trinity 1945-46, Operation Crossroads 1946, Operation Sandstone 1948 - Technical Data, Nuclear Test Personnel Review

    By Progressive Management

    ()

    Currently unavailable

    Currently unavailable

    About this ebook

    Three fascinating reports from the U.S. government provide exclusive details about early American atmospheric atomic tests: Trinity (the first atomic weapon ever exploded), Crossroads, and Sandstone.

    Project Trinity 1945-1946 - United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests - Nuclear Test Personnel Review - This report describes the activities of an estimated 1,000 personnel, both military and civilian, in Project TRINITY, which culminated in detonation of the first nuclear device, in New Mexico in 1945. Scientific and diagnostic experiments to evaluate the effects of the nuclear device were the primary activities engaging military personnel.

    Operation Crossroads 1946 - United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests - Nuclear Test Personnel Review - Crossroads was the first peacetime nuclear weapons test series. It was conducted at Bikini Atoll in 1946. Report emphasis is on the radiological safety of the personnel. Available records on personnel exposure are summarized. Operation CROSSROADS was an atmospheric nuclear weapon test series conducted in the summer of 1946. The series consisted of two detonations, each with a yield of 23 KT: ABLE — detonated at an altitude of 520 feet (158 meters) on 1 July * BAKER — detonated 90 feet (27 meters) underwater on 25 July. It was the first nuclear test held in the Marshall Islands. The series was to study the effects of nuclear weapons on ships, equipment, and material. A fleet of more than 90 vessels was assembled in Bikini Lagoon as a target. This target fleet consisted of older U.S. capital ships, three captured German and Japanese ships, surplus U.S. cruisers, destroyers and submarines, and a large number of auxiliary and amphibious vessels. Military equipment was arrayed on some of the ships as well as amphibious craft that were beached on Bikini Island. Technical experiments were also conducted to study nuclear weapon explosion phenomena. Some experiments included the use of live animals. The support fleet of more than 150 ships provided quarters, experimental stations, and workshops for most of the 42,000 men (more than 37,000 of whom were Navy personnel) of Joint Task Force 1 (JTF 1), the organization that conducted the tests. Additional personnel were located on nearby atolls such as Enewetak and Kwajalein. The islands of the Bikini Atoll were used primarily as recreation and instrumentation sites.

    SANDSTONE was a three-detonation nuclear weapon test series held at Enewetak Atoll, the Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) Pacific Proving Ground (PPG), in the spring of 1948. Located in the Central Pacific Ocean, the PPG consisted principally of Enewetak and Bikini atolls in the northwestern Marshall Islands. X-RAY / 15 April / 200-foot (61-meter) tower on Enjebl Island / 37 * YOKE / 1 May / 200-foot (61-meter) tower on Aomon Island / 49 * ZEBRA / 15 May / 200-foot (61-meter) tower on Runit Island 18

    Operation SANDSTONE was the second test series to be held in the Marshall Islands, but it differed from the first series (CROSSROADS in 1946) in that it was primarily an AEC scientific test series with the armed forces serving in a supporting role. Its purpose was to proof-test improved-design atomic weapons, whereas the purpose of CROSSROADS was to test nuclear weapons effects on ships. The weapons were tested at Enewetak by a joint military and civilian organization designated Joint Task Force 7 (JTF 7). This was a military organization in form, but contained military, civil service, and contractor personnel of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the AEC. The commander of this force was the appointed representative of the AEC and reported to both the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commander in Chief, Pacific.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherProgressive Management
    Release dateApr 15, 2014
    ISBN9781311898111
    Unavailable
    United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Project Trinity 1945-46, Operation Crossroads 1946, Operation Sandstone 1948 - Technical Data, Nuclear Test Personnel Review
    Author

    Progressive Management

    Progressive Management: For over a quarter of a century, our news, educational, technical, scientific, and medical publications have made unique and valuable references accessible to all people. Our imprints include PM Medical Health News, Advanced Professional Education and News Service, Auto Racing Analysis, and World Spaceflight News. Many of our publications synthesize official information with original material. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work to uniformly present authoritative knowledge that can be rapidly read, reviewed or searched. Vast archives of important data that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. The e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from renowned experts you trust. Our e-books put knowledge at your fingertips, and an expert in your pocket!

    Related to United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests

    Related ebooks

    Wars & Military For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Britain’s Nuclear Past

      Apr 23, 2020

      Britain’s Nuclear Past
      8 min read

    • Article

      Science Is the New Nuclear Deterrent

      Feb 23, 2024

      1 Nuclear weapons research aids basic physics and astronomy research—and vice versa No matter what you’re investigating—the inside of a nuclear weapon, the interior of a giant planet, the core of a star, or the flow from a supernova—physics is physic

      5 min read

    • Article

      Q&A: The Head of the UN Nuclear Agency Discusses Iran, North Korea and How Nuclear Power Can Fight Climate Change

      Oct 7, 2017

      VIENNA - As the world's nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for ensuring nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes. That has rarely been easy. Established as an agency of the United Nations in 1957, the IAEA has

      4 min read

    • Article

      A Dirty Bomb Is Not a Nuclear Bomb

      Nov 17, 2022

      One place to begin sorting out this confusion is in clarifying the distinctions among different types of nuclear risk.

      7 min read

    • Article

      How Have Nuclear Weapons Evolved Since Oppenheimer and the Trinity Test?

      Aug 4, 2023

      It took the Manhattan project three years to develop a nuclear bomb: and only weeks between the first nuclear test explosion and the use of a nuclear weapon in war. Almost 80 years later – how have nuclear weapons evolved?  In 1945, the United States

      4 min read

    • Article

      Ghosts Of Chernobyl

      Jul 18, 2019

      Ghosts Of Chernobyl
      6 min read

    • Article

      How Close Are We to Nuclear War?

      Nov 18, 2022

      On Tuesday, a missile landed in Przewodów, a Polish village near the border with Ukraine. Two people were killed in the blast. Their deaths were a direct consequence of Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine, though in the fog of war it was not immedia

      5 min read

    • Article

      Caltech, MIT Scientists Share Nobel Prize in Physics for Gravitational Wave Discoveries

      Oct 3, 2017

      In 1975, physicists Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss visited Washington, D.C., for a NASA meeting and wound up sharing a hotel room. One was a theorist from Caltech; the other an experimentalist from MIT. They hardly knew each other. But that night, they

      4 min read

    • Article

      Ninety Seconds To Doomsday

      Jan 15, 2024

      Ninety Seconds To Doomsday
      2 min read

    • Article

      Terrorists Could Make A 'Dirty Bomb' From This Common Medical Device; Why Regulators Won't Act

      Jan 2, 2020

      SEATTLE - Scientific experts warned Congress more than a decade ago that just four teaspoons of radioactive cesium-137 - if spread by a terrorist's "dirty bomb" - could contaminate up to 10 square miles of Manhattan. The material is commonly found ac

      11 min read

    • Article

      Military Space Race? Why Some Say Now's the Time for an Upgraded Treaty.

      Aug 29, 2017

      As US policymakers call for developing space-based military assets, some observers say the absence of updated agreements between spacefaring nations could lead to further militarization of the realm.

      5 min read

    • Article

      The UN Nuclear Ban Treaty is Leading Resistance to Nuclear Autocracy

      Dec 13, 2023

      During the week of November 27th, under a cloud of international conflict and unease, delegates, politicians, activists and academics convened for the Second Meeting of States Parties (2MSP) to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

      5 min read

    • Article

      The Secrets Of Truk Lagoon

      Jul 7, 2020

      The Secrets Of Truk Lagoon
      3 min read

    • Article

      The Secrets Of truk Lagoon

      Apr 21, 2020

      The Secrets Of truk Lagoon
      3 min read

    • Article

      Ask A Scientist: Scientists And Arms Control From Oppenheimer To Today

      Jul 13, 2023

      Read more of UCS’s critical analysis of Oppenheimer and the global security issues it examines here. On July 21, Oppenheimer, a new major motion picture chronicling the life and legacy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, will ope

      12 min read

    • Article

      Close Enough

      Aug 25, 2020

      Close Enough
      12 min read

    • Article

      Emergency Communications

      May 1, 2019

      Emergency Communications
      3 min read

    • Article

      Ham Radio News

      Jun 1, 2020

      A “MacGyver”-style ventilator, built around an Arduino microcontroller and built for less than $250 from parts available at your local big-box home improvement center, has received preliminary design approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administratio

      6 min read

    • Article

      Ask a Scientist: Confronting Putin’s Nuclear Threat

      Jan 12, 2023

      To get a better understanding of the likelihood of Putin reversing his latest position on using nuclear weapons in Ukraine and the fallout—in every sense of the word—if he did, I turned to Eryn MacDonald, an analyst with the Union of Concerned Scien

      9 min read

    Reviews for United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words