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    Historic Fort Loudoun
    Historic Fort Loudoun
    Historic Fort Loudoun
    Ebook53 pages1 hour

    Historic Fort Loudoun

    By Fort Loudoun Association

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    The French and Indian War pitted European colonial powers against one another for the control of North America. In the southern colony of South Carolina, the British government relied on Native allies as a buffer against the French. In 1756, South Carolina sent an expedition to the Overhill towns of the Cherokee to construct a fort to foster diplomatic relations. This party included member of the Independent Company of South Carolina, a provincial construction crew, and the various tradesmen necessary to supply a community. Completed in 1757, Fort Loudoun served as a diplomatic outpost to the Cherokee and military deterrent to the French. However, by 1759 the relationship between the Cherokee and colonial government soured, leading the Cherokee to besiege and capture the fort in 1760. The story of Fort Loudoun illustrates the nature of Cherokee/British relations during the 18th century.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFort Loudoun Association
    Release dateFeb 21, 2013
    ISBN9781301657117
    Historic Fort Loudoun
    Author

    Fort Loudoun Association

    The Fort Loudoun Association is the friends group for Fort Loudoun State Historic Area and as such is devoted to the restoration and operation of historic Fort Loudoun. The Organization was created by the Tennessee State Legislature in 1933 and operated Fort Loudoun independently until 1978 when Fort Loudoun became part of Tennessee’s State Park system.

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      Book preview

      Historic Fort Loudoun - Fort Loudoun Association

      Historic Fort Loudoun

      Fort Loudoun was built on the Little Tennessee River in 1756-57 by the Colony of South Carolina to protect the southern frontier of the English from the French, who were threatening to occupy the Tennessee Valley. It was located, at the request of the Cherokee Indians, in the heart of the rugged Overhill Cherokee country, more than one hundred miles from the nearest English outpost, Fort Prince George in the South Carolina foothills. For three years Fort Loudoun helped to keep the Cherokee loyal to their English allies, while English soldiers in the north were winning victories that eventually gave England control of eastern North America.

      Around this fort and trading center the first English outpost west of the high Smoky Mountain range developed as soldiers and traders brought their families there. The Cherokees granted seven hundred acres of land to the English king for the fort site and for the support of the garrison, the first land granted by the Cherokees west of the mountains. Thus, the building of Fort Loudoun prepared the way for colonial expansion across the southern mountains.

      Fort Loudoun becomes nationally significant with an understanding of the hostility between France and England, before and after the fort was built, as each nation struggled for supremacy in North America.

      England verses France

      The rivalry between England and France in America which reached a crisis in the French and Indian War (1756-1763) began with the founding of colonies early in the seventeenth century. The English, starting with Virginia in 1607, established a thin line of thirteen colonies along the Atlantic coast. The French, at almost the same time, founded Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and later erected small forts and trading posts in the Great Lakes region and along the Mississippi River.

      From the first there were conflicting claims to the land between, and a series of wars between England and France in Europe during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries led to border raids and massacres in America. However, it was almost 150 years after the founding of Jamestown and Quebec before either country saw the other as a menace to her colonies.

      In 1749 King George II of England granted a vast tract of land in the Ohio Valley to a group of Virginians. The Governor General of Canada, hearing of this grant and regarding it as an encroachment on French territory, sent a party of soldiers and Indians to take formal possession of the Ohio Valley for France. In 1753 he sent a thousand men to build three forts in the upper Ohio Valley to protect French claims.

      Acting Governor Robert Dinwiddie, who was determined to hold the disputed territory for Virginia, sent twenty-one year old George Washington, a major in the Virginia militia, to warn the French to withdraw. Washington was received politely, but the French stayed on.

      Dinwiddie, hoping at least to block further French advances, sent an expedition to build a fort at the forks of the Ohio River, where the city of Pittsburgh now stands. Before it could be completed, however, the fort was attacked by French soldiers and the Virginians were forced to surrender. A French fort, named Duquesne for the Governor General of Canada, soon rose on the site. George Washington, sent this time as second in command of a garrison for the English fort, arrived too late to take part in its defense, but defeated a small

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