UNIT 4 1 Reading for Pleasure GRAMMAR Noun clauses

A noun clause can be a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, or the object of a preposition. 1. Subject What Tommy said surprised his teacher. 2. Object Annas parents didnt know that she had missed school. 3. Subject complement The reason for my delay was that I fell asleep. Julias mistake was that she didnt ask for help. 4. Prepositional complement Peter is proud of what he did. She is a little worried about who will replace the president. 5. Adjective complement We are happy that you have finally accepted the proposal. Im sure that they will arrive soon. 6. In short answers, use so to replace a noun clause after the verbs think, believe, guess and hope. Does Steven King have a new book out? I think so / I believe so / I guess so./ I hope so. Watch out: I dont think so/ I dont believe so. BUT I guess not / I hope not. NEVER I dont guess so / I dont hope so. 7. Noun clauses with that: after mental activity verbs. Agree Assume Believe Decide Discover We agree (that) he should work harder. I assume (that) you made a reservation. She believes (that) all people are created equal. We decided (that) we should stay another night. He discovered (that) the Doubt Dream Feel Find out Forget I doubt (that) they really understand the problem. She dreamed (that) she was a movie star. We feel (that) everyone needs to try harder. I found out (that) the bill had already been paid. She forgot (that) she had

UNIT 4 2 Reading for Pleasure work hadnt been done yet. I guess (that) well just have to do it ourselves. He heard (that) they were planning another meeting. I hope (that) everyone is OK. They know (that) we asked everyone to come at 8:00. She learned (that) the book was written in 1993. been there once before. Notice Realize Remember See Did you notice (that) they didnt call us back? Do you realize (that) tomorrow is her birthday? He remembered (that) he forgot to call home. I see (that) youve finished everything. I suppose (that) youre hungry. Right? She thinks (that) everyone should help. We understand (that) youre from Brazil. Isnt?

Guess Hear Hope Know

learn

Suppose Think Understand

8. Noun clauses with that after other expressions. Be afraid that Be angry that Be ashamed that Be disappointed that Be happy that Be sad that Be sorry that Be sure that Be surprised that Be worried that Im afraid (that) well have to leave early. Shes angry (that) he never called. Hes ashamed (that) he never called. Were disappointed (that) you couldnt come. Theyre happy (that) they passed the test. Im sad (that) youre leaving. Were sorry (that) we missed you. Are you sure (that) hes the man who did it? She was surprised (that) she won. Theyre worried (that) he may be angry.

9. Noun clauses: embedded questions. Una "embedded question" no es otra cosa que una pregunta incluida en otra oracin. La oracin donde se incluye puede ser una pregunta o una frase afirmativa: Where can I buy the paper? Embedded question: I don't know where you can buy the paper. Who is your teacher? Embedded question: Can you tell me who your teacher is?

UNIT 4 3 Reading for Pleasure Cuando la pregunta se construye con el auxiliar "do", "does" y "did", en una "embedded question" ese auxiliar desaparece, el verbo se coloca despus del sujeto y toma la forma del verbo auxiliar: Why does he eat there? I don't know why he eats there. When did they go? I don't know when they went. Dentro de las "embedded question", hay un grupo de preguntas que slo admiten como respuesta un "s" o un "no". En este caso, para introducir la frase hay que usar las partculas "if" o "whether": I asked you if you were thirsty. I don't know whether John is going to the party or to the cinema. Normalmente, "if" se utiliza cuando slo hay una alternativa, mientras que "whether" se emplea cuando existe ms de una alternativa. Ask Peter where to meet tomorrow morning. I don't know how to go to the nearest post office.

Watch out! Dont use an infinitive after if. Id like to know if I should read that book next. = Id like to know whether to read that book next. NEVER Id like to know if to read that book next. Use embedded question to ask politely for information.

Can you tell me what time it is? Could you explain why its not working?

UNIT 4 4 Reading for Pleasure Do you know where the bathroom is? Would you mind telling me how to get to Main Street? Phrases that are often followed by embedded questions:

I dont know Id like to know Let me know Do you know..? Can you tell me? I cant remember

Can you remember? Lets ask I wonder Im not sure Could you explain? Would you mind telling me?

If an embedded question is in a sentence, end the sentence with a period.

I dont know (sthg) I dont know who she is. If an embedded question is in a question, end the question with a question mark.

Can you tell me (sthg) can you tell me who she is?