1nL DIC1A1CkSnI CI IkANCISCC IkANCC

PlS1C8lCAL CCn1Lx1
W 1he xxLh cenLury beglns wlLh a greaL economlc crlsls lL provoked de coupeLaL by Lhe
general rlmo de 8lvera SepLember13 1923
W ln 1931 Lhere were elecLlon a Lhe 8epubllcan candldaLes had Lhe vlcLory so Lhey
proclalmed Lhe 8epubllc on 14 of Aprll
W ll 8epubllc fall ln 1936
W 1he end of Lhe Clvll War on Aprll 1 1939 esLabllshed Lhe dlcLaLorshlp of lranco
WP? ulu l8AnCC ACCLSS 1C 1PL CWL8?
W AfLer Lhe deaLh of San[ur[o Mola was Lhe leader of Lhe Clvll War
W Mola losL plenLy of supporL because of hls handlcaps durlng Lhe Clvll War ln conLrasL
Lo Lhe advance of lranco
W AfLer a Lense meeLlng chlef of Lhe armles
1PL CCnSLCuLnCLS Cl 1PL ClvlL WA8
O Demograph|c and soc|a| consequences
AbouL 430000 people dled on boLh sldes because of Lhe ralds Lhe flghLs ln
Lhe fronLs Lhe represslon acLlvlLles Lhe sLarvaLlon and Lhe epldemlcs
Around 300000 people were forced Lo run away from Lhe counLry
1he prlsons were fllled wlLh people accused of pollLlcal crlmes and many of Lhe
prlsoners were shoL or forced Lo do hard labors
O Lconom|c consequences
1he war was an economlc caLasLrophe because many houses
communlcaLlons lnfrasLrucLures and lndusLrles were desLrucLed
1here was also an lncrease of Lhe exLernal debL and a loss of gold reserves
used by Lhe republlcan governmenL Lo pay for SovleL ald
O ,ora| consequences
1he war caused a moral dlvlslon of Lhe counLry and several generaLlons
marked by Lhe war and lLs afLermaLh
1PL SCClAL SuC81 Cl 1PL 8LClML
1he governmenL of lranco had many followers ln all soclal groups and mosL parL of Lhe
populaLlon was ldenLlfled wlLh lrancolsm or passlvely accepLed lL
O ,|||tary MosL army commanders foughL ln Lhe Clvll War on Lhe naLlonallsL slde and
were fully convlnced abouL Lhe ldeals of lranco
O Catho||cs AparL from Lhe vaLlcan dlplomaLlc supporL Lhe reglme was supporLed by
Lhe clergy and Lhe Spanlsh CaLhollcs
O 1he ha|ang|sts 1he governmenL was compleLed wlLh Lhe creaLlon of assoclaLlons LhaL
promoLe Lhe ldeologles of Lhe reglme among women youLh or college sLudenLs
O 5ecclo lemeoloo
O lteote Je IoveotoJes
O oxlllo 5oclol
O 1he Car||sts lranco promoLed some carllsLs Lo be mlnlsLrles of locallLles llke 8asque
CounLry navarra or La 8lo[a
O 1he emp|oyers and the monarch|sts obLalned greaL advanLages ln exchange for Lhelr
supporL Lo Lhe reglme
1PL CCSl1lCn 1C l8AnCCS 8LClML
W 1he kepub||c |n the ex||e 1he republlcan leaders who were exlled ln 1939 formed a
governmenL of Lhe 8epubllc Lo keep Lhe offenslve agalnsL Lhe reglme allve
W 1he ant|Iranco guerr|||a WlLh Lhe advance of lrancos Lroops a guerrllla acLlvlLy
was developed Lhe maquls"
W 1he |nterna| oppos|t|on dur|ng the postwar 1he represslon durlng Lhe war and Lhe
posLwar caused Lhe end of many pollLlcal parLles and sLrlkes
W 1he un|vers|ty cr|s|s of 19S6 1he Lenslons lncreased because of Lhe absence of
freedom and as a consequence many unlverslLy surveys happened
W 1he part|es and trade un|ons 1hey adapLed Lhemselves Lo Lhe harsh represslon of
Lhe dlcLaLorshlp SCL CL AnarchlsLs 8epubllcans

luLCLCClCAL SCClAL Anu CLl1lCAL lCunuA1lCnS
W 1he new sysLem lnLroduced ln 1939 had from Lhe beglnnlng clear ldeologlcal
foundaLlons
ConcenLraLlon of Lhe pollLlcal power ln lranco
AnLlparllamenLary anLlllberallsm and anLlcommunlsm
rohlblLlon of all pollLlcal parLles conLrary Lo Lhe reglme
8emoval of Lhe rlghL Lo sLrlke and Lrade unlon groups
AnnulmenL of Lhe freedom of expresslon and esLabllshmenL of censorshlp
naLlonalCaLhollclsm
uefense of Lhe unlLy of Lhe laLherland and Lhe promoLlon of Lhe Spanlsh
MlllLarlsm and fasclsL feaLures
S?M8CLS Cl l8AnCCS 8LClML
W 1he CoaL of Arms
W Lmblem of Lhe lalange
W 1he vlcLor
W SLaLues and monumenLs
W nomenclaLure
W CoaL of Arms of lranco
CCnSCLluA1lCn Cl 1PL 8LClML
O ln Lhe 30s Lhe lsolaLlon LhaL Spaln had suffered ended
O 1937 lranco remodelled hls governmenL
O 8adlcal SecreLarles of Lhe MovemenL 1echnocraLs (Cpus ual)
LAWS 1C C8CAnlZL 1PL S1A1L
W 1938 Ley de rlnclplos del MovlmlenLo naclonal"
W 1962 vlcepresldencla del Coblerno"
W 1963 1rlbunal de Crden ubllco" Lo [udge pollLlcal offenses
W 1966 Ley de rensa e lmprenLa"
W 1967 Ley Crgnlca del LsLado
W 1969 uon !uan Carlos de 8orbn fuLure successor of lranco wlLh Lhe LlLle of klng"
Lx1L8lC8 CLl1lCS
W Spaln recelved Lhe vlslL of Lhe presldenL of Lhe uSA Llsenhower
W Spaln presenLed lLs requesL for enLerlng ln Lhe CLL ln 1962
W Spaln had a consLanL lnslsLence ln Lhe clalm of recoverlng ClbralLar
C8lSlS Anu LCCnCMlC uLvLLCLn1
W 1939 Spaln was rulned demography and economlcallyAuLhorlLles choose a reglme of
auLarchy
Au1A8CP?
W rlces were flxed
W lL forced Lo surrender all Lhe surpluses of crops Lo Lhe SLaLe
W Any lndusLrlal lnvesLmenL was sub[ecLed Lo prevlous llcenses
W lacLorles were modernlzed Lo produce goods of Lhe flrsL need
W 8C8LLMS
Alm was lmposslble because of Lhe condlLlons LhaL Spaln had
rlces puL up and producLs raclonaLed
1hese facLs provoked 8LACk MA8kL1 Anu S18AL8LC
W 1930 Lhe fallure was evldenL
W 1931 CovernmenL decreed Lhe parLlal llberallzaLlon of Lhe prlces Lhe Lrade and Lhe
Lrafflc of goods
W 8aLlonallsm flnlshes Lconomlc growLh
1939 LAn Cl S1A8lLlZA1lCn
19S7vlllasLres navarro 8ublo
keshap|ng of the Government 1LCPnCC8A1S (Cpus dals members)
,LASUkLS
W 8educLlon of expenses of Lhe SLaLe Lhe freezlng of Lhe salarles and Lhe devaluaLlon of
Lhe currency
W ulsappearance of Lhe sLaLe conLrol on Lhe economlc acLlvlLles
W LlberallzaLlon Lo Lhe exLerlor markeL
1he |an ||bera||zed the economy between 1961 and 1973
W 1962 lan of developmenL
Lpez 8odAlMS
CrowLh of Lhe Cu
uevelopmenL of Lhe lndusLry and modernlzaLlon of Lhe agrlculLure
uevelopmenL of reglons noL lndusLrlallzed oles of uevelopmenL wlLh dlfferenL
resulLs
O uesarrollsmo was llmlLed
lndusLry wlLh few Lechnology and exLerlor dependence
lncenLlves of Lhe emlgraLlon
ercaplLa lncome and soclal wellbelng dld noL reach Lhe level of Lhe wesLern
counLrles
llscal sysLem was regresslve and Lhere was a hlgh level of fraud and Lax evaslons
SCClAL CPAnCLS
W 8eLween 1937 and 1970 Lhe growLh of Lhe populaLlon was hlgh
W SpecLacular mlgraLlon(rural exodus and ouL of Spaln)
W lmprovemenL ln Lhe quallLy of llfe
W lncorporaLlon of woman ln Lhe work and sLudles
W MosL llberal cusLoms
W 1he naLlonal PealLh Servlce spread Lo Lhe ma[orlLy of Lhe clLlzens
W Agrarlan socleLy changes lnLo Lhe lndusLrlal one
CLnL8AL CPA8AC1L8lS1lCS
O 1he lasL years of Lhe power of lranco were marked by
O 1he physlcal decay of Lhe dlcLaLor
O 1he uncerLalnLy of Lhe hlerarchs of Lhe reglme for Lhe fuLure of Lhe lrancos reglme
wlLhouL lranco and
O 1he lnLense represslon agalnsL Lhe populaLlon even more vlolenL Lhan ln earller Llmes
1PL CCvL8nMLn1 Cl LulS CA88L8C 8LAnCC
W ln !une of 1973 lranco due Lo hls clear lnablllLy Lo Lhe dlrecL exerclse of power
appolnLed Carrero 8lanco rlme MlnlsLer
W Pls shorL phase ln Lhe resldency conflrms however Lhe lmpresslon of lnfeaslblllLy
and a reglme ln whlch whlle Lhe head of SLaLe was already ocLogenarlan Lhe resldenL
Carrero was 79
W AL Lhe end of 1973 Lhe etoclo to was compleLed when L1A murdered Lhe
resldenL of Lhe Spanlsh CovernmenL lL was Lhe flrsL performance of Lhls group
ouLslde Lhe 8asque CounLry
1PL CCvL8nMLn1 Cl CA8LCS A8lAS nAvA88C
W 1he only elemenL of conLlnulLy beLween Lhese Lwo governmenLs was Lhe lnevlLable
decay of lrancos physlcal healLh
W Arlas presenLed a drafL of llberallzaLlon known as Lhe splrlL of lebruary 12 ln whlch he
sLressed above all hls alms Lo regulaLe Lhe rlghL of pollLlcal assoclaLlon
W 8eform of Lhe Ley Slndlcal and Lhe passlng of Lhe Ley de 8eglmen Local anoLher law of
AssoclaLlons and a sysLem of lncompaLlblllLles
W LlmlLaLlon of press censorshlp
W Meanwhlle lranco Lroubled of a serlous lllness was hosplLallzed durlng Lhe summer of
1974 and Lhe rlnce !uan Carlos assumed Lemporarlly Lhe head of Lhe SLaLe
W lranco afLer hls lllness resumed hls powers ln SepLember of 1974
1PL Lnu Cl 1PL 8LC8CAnlZA1lCn Cl 1PL CCSl1lCn
W 1he soclal proLesL grew slowly unLll 1967 buL lL grew conslderably from 1973 and lL
reached lLs hlghesL level ln Lhe flrsL monLhs afLer lrancos deaLh
W AnoLher backcloLh of Lhe slLuaLlon was also Lerrorlsm So Lhe reallLy of Lhe Lra[ecLory
of L1A was Lo provoke bloodshed on Lhe ldea LhaL Lhls was Lhe besL way Lo achleve all
lLs purposes
W 1he anLllranco opposlLlon mulLlplled Lhelr proLesLs
WCL led by SanLlago Carrlllo
W SCL wlLh lellpe Conzlez y Alfonso Cuerra
WConvergencla uemocrLlca de CaLalunya (CuC) a naLlonallsL parLy led by !ordl
u[ol
Wln Lhe 8asque CounLry Lhe nv
W 1errorlsL groups
Wl8A wlLh a MarxlsL LenlnlsL ldeology
WCuerrllleros de CrlsLo 8ey el 8aLalln vascoLspanol y la 1rlple A as exLreme
rlghLwlng groups
W AL Lhe end of lrancos era LerrorlsL vlolence was aL a level whlch
unforLunaLely was desLlned Lo conLlnue ln Lhe early days of Lhe LranslLlon
1PL Lnu Cl 1PL uLvLLCMLn1 1PL LCCnCMlC C8lSlS
W 1he socloeconomlc slLuaLlon of Spaln ln 1973 was conslderably beLLer Lhan ln Lhe
prevlous decade
W In 1960
1he Spanlsh lncome per caplLa dldnL reach Lhe $ 300
Cnly 1 of Spanlsh households had Lelevlslon
W In 1973
1hen lL surpassed Lhe $ 2000
70 of households had lL
W Powever Lhe consequences of Lhe oll crlsls wlLh Lhe dramaLlc lncrease on Lhe prlce of
Lhe crude oll were appreclaLed wlLh speclal lnLenslLy ln Spaln and Lhls added one
facLor of lnsLablllLy ln Lhe lasL years of lrancos reglme
LA8C8 Anu S1uuLn1 8C1LS1S
W 1hey played a very lmporLanL role ln Lhe flnal sLage of lrancos reglme
W AL Lhe beglnnlng Lhese confllcLs were focused on LradlLlonal areas of worker proLesLs
such as AsLurlas 8arcelona Lhe 8asque counLry and even ln Madrld 1he confllcL was
parLlcularly lnLense ln Lhe mlnlng and meLallurgy
W AfLerwards proLesL spread Lo Lhe world of LexLlle consLrucLlon chemlcal LransporL
and even banklng
1PL ulSSALA8AnCL Cl 1PL ulC1A1C8
W lranco dedlcaLed Lhe lasL year of hls llfe pracLlcally Lo relearn Lo speak and walk
W Pe devoLed Lo recelve dozens of people alLhough he hardly could Lalk Lo Lhem Pe
deslred Lo malnLaln a normal llfe when he was obvlously noL already ln a poslLlon Lo do
so
W 1hus Lhe lasL Lhree monLhs of lrancos llfe ended up plunglng Lhe counLry lnLo a
cllmaLe of uncerLalnLy and lnsecurlLy
W 1aklng advanLage of Lhls slLuaLlon Lhe Morocco klng Passan ll organlzed La Marcha
verde" Lo occupy Lhe lasL Spanlsh colony WesLern Sahara Cn 20
Lh
november of 1973
afLer several operaLlons and numerous aLLempLs Lo keep hlm allve arLlflclally lranco
dled lL was Lhe endlng of a long personal dlcLaLorshlp
W 1hls had glven way Lo a new sLage ln Lhe hlsLory of Spaln Lhe LranslLlon Lo Lhe
democracy
8LlC8L 1P8LL 8ll1S WL8L AL8LAu? CLnLu
W 8lghL vs LefL
W CaLhollclsm vs AnLlclerlcallsm
W CenLrallsm vs erlpheral naLlonallsms
ln mosL cases pollLlcal forces and socleLles and Lhe lndlvldual could be placed/classlfled ln
one slde however someLlmes lL was noL easy Lx LoLs of caLhollcs ln vlzcaya and
Culpuzcoa (even prlesLs) were naLlonallsL basques and republlclans durlng Lhe Clvll War
lurLhermore some of Lhe groups and parLles consldered as republlcans lncludlng Masons
had a soclal componenL LhaL was closer Lo upper or mlddle class
kIG1n VS LLI1
W Lmergence of Lhe workers movemenL due Lo Lhe lndusLrlallzaLlon CLASS
S18uCCLL
W 8ural backward sLaLe seotltlsmo and coclpolsmo
W Weakness of mlddle classes llosttoJos or tofeslooes llbetoles
W lragmenLs lnslde Lhe workers movemenL soclallsLs and anarchlsLs
CA1nCLICIS, VS LI8LkALIS,
W 8eglnnlng uescrlsLlanlzacln of Lhe people slnce Lhe second Lhlrd of xlx cenLury
W lL colncldes wlLh Cuerras CarllsLas
W lL lncreases wlLh Lhe uesamorLlzacln of Mendlzbal and aL Lhe beglnnlng of xx
cenLury wlLh Semana 1rglca de 8arcelona
CLN1kALIS, VS LkInLkAL NA1ICNALIS,
W Lvery naLlonallsm came wlLh Lhe ldea of Lhe defense lLs own language buL Lhey have
d|fferent soc|a| or|g|ns Lx als vasco and CaLalonla
Al1L8
W Anachron|st|c soc|a| character|st|c (slmllar Lo a prelndusLrlal socleLy) ln Lhe Spanlsh
socleLy
W Causes 8epresslon (19361973)
lear of anoLher Clvll War
1wo Spalns confronLaLlon
oslLlve evaluaLlon of Lhe lranco reglme durlng Lhe Jesottolllsmo
W LlemenLs of Lhe lranco reglme ln Lhe government sysLem
Puge lmporLance of Lhe governmenL over Lhe parllamenL (more Lhan
oLher Luropean democracles)
ConsLlLuLlon 1978 Wlde power for Lhe presldenL
1he pollLlcal sysLem ls very close Lo a LwoparLy sysLem
W Survlval of proIranco fee||ngs ln a secLor of Lhe populaLlon ?eL ln 2007 (ln Lhe
conLexL of Lhe debaLe for Lhe ey Je Memotlo nlsttlco) parL of Lhe socleLy and
pollLlclans showed some reslsLance Lo condemn Lhe lranco reglme
W Selfcensorshlp volunLary and conformlsL submlsslon
W 1rad|t|ona| va|ues as homeland rellglon and famlly are ldenLlfled wlLh Lhe lranco
reglme ln some ways Lhey are used as synonyms for conservat|sm patr|archy
trad|t|ona||sm or author|tar|an|sm Also Jesottolllsmo ls ldenLlfled as an efflclenL
economlcal growLh