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Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductor use to carry electricity and
associated device. General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or
to building and structure, commonly to as building wiring.
The surface wiring is the basic wiring that has been use to many purposes. Usually,
this type of wiring does not have any problem encountered such as the view, the
alignment and many other aspects. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen
with bare eyes. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen with bare eyes.
Concealed wiring is wiring that is covered over by the finish of the building and
therefore considered as inaccessible. It is usually for single phase supply of
electricity. Building of bricks or concrete is suitable for this type. The mechanical
damage can be avoided. There are many cable required during installation. It is also
high durability of cable required, small power consumption and usually used PVC
insulated conduits.
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There are two types of wiring with are:
i. Surface wiring
î Single phase supply, small power consumption.
î ÿostly timber building or half brick/timber.
î -ow installation cost.
î Final circuit (less or a few).
î No mechanical damage occurs at site/observed.
î Fast installation.
To choose the type of wiring to be use we have to consider to a few factors. The factors
in choosing the type of wiring are:
i. Cost
ii. Durability
iii. Neatness
iv. Safety
v. Effectiveness
vi. Flexibility
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Y. To identify the process of electrical wiring installation for the single storey house
as given in the laboratory.
2. To review and discuss all the process of electrical wiring installation for the single
storey house.
3. To prepare the schematic diagram for the electrical wiring installation.
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C. F-UORECENT -AÿP
D. BU-B
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ITEÿ FUNCTION
E. WIRE å Important component in electrical
installation.
å Connect the power sources
(electricity) and the equipment that
use it.
å The type of wire depends on the
method used/adopted.
Wire :
Red ± live wire
Green ± earth wire
Black - neutral wire
(E-CB)
G. DIRECT ON-INE STARTER å Act as the switch to the air
conditioner. -et the current floe to
the air conditioner
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After electricity is produced at power plants is has to get to the customers that use
the electricity. Our cities, towns, states and the entire country are crisis-crossed with
power lines that ³carry´ the electricity. As large generators spin, they produce electricity
with a voltage of about 25,000 volts. A volt is a measurement of electromotive force in
electricity. The electricity first goes to a transformer at the power plant that boosts the
voltage up to 400,000 volts. When electricity travels long distances it is better to have it
at higher voltages (more efficiently at high voltages).
The long thick cables of transmission lines are made of copper or aluminum because they
have a low resistance. Digh voltage transmission lines carry electricity long distances to a
substation. From this substation, electricity in different power levels is used to run
factories, streetcars and mass transit, light street lights and stop light, and is sent to
neighborhood. When electricity enters (example house), it must pass through a meter and
goes through a fuse box. The fuse box protects the house in case of problems. When a
fuse (circuit breaker) ³blows´ or ³trips´ something wrong with an appliance or something
was short circuited.
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(b)Secondary Transmission
Secondary high transmission substation- Consists of step-down transformer from
500kv to 33kV. The power will supply to large heavy industries and various
states.
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Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity
to end users. It is generally considered to include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV)
power lines, electrical substations and pole mounted transformers, low voltage(less than
Y000 V) distribution wiring and sometimes electricity meters.
The process can be divided into two phase;
(a) Primary Distribution Substations
Consists of step-down transformer from 33 kV to YYkV.These will supply the
heavy consumption of high-rise commercial buildings, factories of heavy to
medium consumption and large cities or suburban areas.
Distribution cables on large unipole- consist of single pole of either reinforced
concrete of CDS steel pole with supporting branches on both sides to supports
hanging cables. Other method used is by underground due to heavy traffics.
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