oe Trysse Goa finds feom the hertoitaye, this part of @ hypothetical reconstruction of the decoration proe ‘cess must remain conjectural “The mud plastered walls ofthe hecmitage preserved traces of a compnss being used to trace the circles. a8 well as the sonde with a bust of Christ, painted on the wall, Other dravvings wore also Found, including an important limestone fake,” bearing sa alphabet and showing bow to use four chords pussing through the center of a circle to divide it in such a way, 5028 to inscribe in two squares intersecting a an angle of 45 degrees, There is more proof inthis hermitage of the anists! Knowledge of geometry and its application, put that is material fora seperate study. Kaowlodge of geoinety, as well as the discovery at various sites in Egypt uf drawing skerches of different designs favor the beet tha in CCheistin times (similarly wo the Pharaonic times) every artistic and building enterprise was, most likely, preceded by the preparation of a more or less aecutnte drawing sketch ~ if not a tully professional design Toms is © Gomi, Sheikh Abd eLCams, nc A. Maevaks, €. Laseowsna-Kuszca is), Saveny Years Polish Archaclogy in Egypt, vse 1007, becom isan amp 180 ‘CeVIRE p'ARCHEOLOGKE MEDITERRAMESYNE De LACADESIE FOLOMAISE UPS SCIENCES ETUDES et TRAVAUX xxi 2008 Japwica twaszc2uk Atypical Spelling Variants from the Hatshepsut Temple at Deir el-Bahari“The decorative programme of the easter wall of the Upper Courtyard of the Hatshep- sut temple at Deir el-Bahar,ilustrating the ritual ofthe Beautiful Festival of the Valley, includes a scene depicting two butchers severing the front leg ofa bull lying between them (Fig. 1), The scene is supplemented with the Following text: The notation is entirely original, except forthe name of the queen (Ms*r-K-), which was hnarmmered and substinited with the epithet pn nf. ‘This text is particularly wort of attention, due to the context ofa scene located below it, in the lower part ofthe register. This scene, identical in subject to the tableau above it, is described in a conventional manner: Consiteriag the ideal subj ofthe scenes on is pueda seeming difrece detween the texts commenting on them, in particular ~ the originality of the form and coment of ie passage refering to th pe seve, Wherein th lower inscription the tern Sppeantheupper scene group sgn proceed By avert ske presen {Pig 24. Inscriptions onthe walls ofthe Hasbpau empl sucha sake seve io tingush apr of text tat cons a legend ofthe seen therefore i ‘Son loial hatin thi cartest ts faneton should be similar andthe text ofthe legend Should be ed pd ds an nll ‘shrpening the kf’ pssbity to be considered i that te “scene deserifn’ coud be treed a an element of ho text sed inthe geiive, which suggests the slowing Walon: (.) th milion ac) of harping the ge. However, should conept be excluded and the term ads tented aa separat deserpion of the soe yependen fom the pose ing tex de ahoud explain why thet ext was notre. the scribe bad wand toconowe the text blow duet lack of sac, would have been placed imedatcly felow teenth ie of txt at een noe such instances on the empl wal ths finingishing the legend. An even more probable placement forthe legen woul be di tely nett the Bgues,a i wes done mone ofthe neighbouring scenes In hice, fowever, the alo wes not contained by lck of space, ut onthe contac ~ he ha tnousl ott place the legend in away ht did ot leave any room for doubts alo Sioatatry to consider the unfinished text a crib emo. Therfr sess juste oetar tothe interpretation sugested above, that he wo yaphialy sepia texte ere infact « whole and. atthe se time, 1 refet on Iter the veaion of the tnslation presented above is he only one. The context ofthe Tao especialy grateful to dab. E, Laskowsia-Kusul 5 well a to doctors A. wie, M. Banik, “2 Saar. and Me. Nedll, MA, fo srulting suggestions pd scons "The publation ofthis pat ofthe temple x preparation by the autho. 2 Neat, The Temple of Del shan (= Deiel Bahar 1V, London 190), PL. CVI thd oe "Ar enpublhe fagnet of the norte par ofthe cast wall. ‘Arvest Smine Vata acm Harry TseueafDu Baa |. ahary sete othe ete wal of be Upper Coun (Drawing and Pot. J Iwasa).n Iowa assis text accompanying the lower scene suggests that the discussed phrase spd ds, which alludes to the ritual depicted on both scenes, served as a bass for graphic transpositions aimed to create visual associations with the spelling variant of the term sd, or an abbreviated nota- tion of the name of the anniversary festival Ab sd. As far as the semantic issues are con- ccemed, the commented term from the upper text and the term bw sd trom the ‘conventional lower text are identical. This allows one to recognize a similar formula in the upper text asin the one that accompanied the scene preserved below: fmay you be well king Mfaat-Ka-Ra, in his million of festivals of Sed. Through the unusual exposure of the element spud de=sa this text, which contains conventional wishes, atthe same time alludes to the depicted ritual that was indispensable for the fulfilling of the expressed wish. Notably, the above play on words i not the only one reering to the Sed extval on the walls ofthe Hatshepsut temple. Two easly interesting notations of the name ofthis festival are preserved. They seem tobe all the more meaningful that inthe Hatshepsut ple there are recuring mentions of hd There are scenes depicting the king siting inthe chapel during the anniversary ceremony. Usually, however, the Festival men- tioned in the context of wishing the king millions of year of elebratng sd In peactical- Iyallinsances the name ofthe festival was writen ta ational manner Tn the eniance tothe most impocant par ofthe temple, onthe north wall onthe nse ofthe granite gate othe sanctuary’ her is an inscription address to Armon-Ra, The text recited by Thoth, the seribe of the gods, concems various offerings preseted to Amon-R by the queen, ensuring her etrmity (nh) as king in lions of Sed festivals Here, instead of the traditionally inserted determinative ——> (U1). the sign — (Fig. 2b) was introduced “The occurrence ofan allusion tothe goddsslidea Mat seems filly justified in this context. The inscriptions on both sides of the gat” refer tothe establishment of the daily ital clivate in the temple in honour of Amon-Ra Thoth was the creator ofthe ital fd Marat was their ‘Law and Ord". She also symbolized any offering given othe gods, specially during the daly ritual inthe temple, as well asin the funerary ctl." The spelling variant, although it soems to be placed in a way that it forms a play on words in * Nar, Deel sari, Landon 1895-1908, VOL 1 Ps [XX NXE; VL Il Pl, XXXVI, XL, XLVI, UL LILLY, Vol I Ph LVi, LVM, LXa, LX CXIU, LXIVe (tbe kag in the Su ess, LXV, LXV [XXXIV VOL IV Pla XCU, NEVI, CLV, ol. ¥, Pls CXXIV, CR VL VI Pls CLIV. CLVII( ste fs vase), CLL ‘WE Ip, 59-60; Abad, TLA (1, Okther 2007}; E, Hows, Statin, Staten zum Seles Augie |, Gane 9 " Nae, Deel Babar V; Lotdon 1908, Pl CXL. * bd p10. * Teste side ofthe ae: hid p. 9-10 and PL CXXXIX "HE Bennet, RARG, op. 639 (Ria, OR (Doth Portas, Ths te Hermes o Eaypt, London 192, pp. $8-91,W.Hiven, Tot LA VU, SIR. 138, nde S07 "A. Monet. Le riuel du ule dvi jourairen Egypte; Paris 1902, p, 142 and m2; Bows, RARG, p31. Moat Arvest. Sree Wanner the Hrs Tec 4° Dua Ba n 2. Nano te Sx-peling fi bey Tepes om the he caster wal fhe Upper Cou (eit tthe Fig sb onthe on aloft sage the rain Sanctuary. cram on oe pilaf the Mile Porat (raving louse; Pht: M leno) this very spot, does not appear forthe first time inthe Hatshepsut temple, but is also at- tested on buildings of Sesostrs I: the temple of Amon-Ra in Karnak’ and the "White Chapel’? °C, Gamane, “Le Grande Chiteau "Amon" de Souris f Karak, Pris 1998, Pi XVila, XVI socatb and "Ch Levan, Pile et colnes de ype «oyraqu » dans le contete des temples de cute ya 8740 1980p 6 P aca, H. Coane, Une tape de Séssts 4 Karak, Le Cre 198, Ps, 23, 10.13, 146, 20, 24-28, 38,38,36,39-41,1% droga AE ‘Another fragmentarily preserved spelling vaviant is a par af an incomplete scene on ‘ane nf the pillars of the pottcoes on the Middle Courtyasd* (Fig. 2e). The whole blest can be reconstucted, however, on a basis of analogies preserved on other plfars:" the king stands embraced by Arion and above ther, below the pe-sign, Giures Horus Behde- ti protecting the king. The inscription below it ists the royal protocole and next fo itis ‘aext in which Aon, called the “lord of the sky" (mb pr. gives the king “millions of Sec Festivals ‘An atypical element on the above-mentioned block isthe symbol pr» depicted ss 1 foundation of the See chapel. Irs a reference to the idevlouical meaning of the pills, which symbolizes ia architecture the supporting “post ofthe sky". “The term i as theretore used, therfore, to express diferent unknown connotations sits semantic meaning was mach broader, Inierestingly, a similar play on words is also attested in Luxor, in the part ofthe temple built by Amenhatep I.” ‘The presented spelling variants of the Sed festival show to hu Farge an extent the \weiiog in ancient Egypt served uther purgoses than just to convey information. Like the depictions of rituals which can be intemzeted on diffecent levels, the textual notation of the ritual should be viewed as a multifaceted communication in which not a siegle word is found by chance, but was purposely Insered in onder to present 3 world richer in me~ anings, bearing patel! references to events froin the mythical world of the gods, 6 the ritual in progress, hut also wo the performed ritual actions (Temsston:D. Derick ‘Yaklad ancl Secternonceks "F:Powuca, K,Posacees MG, Wokowse, Der -uhar 1976-1977, frthar XH, 19K3, 201 " Nasu, Deel Bata UL, London 19981. LXVE °*D.Kurn, Oea Minuet sae, Die Tt gn-Seenen in den igyptechor Tapa de gceiseh-m seen Epocbe, inti 875.7, W Wesinae, Die Liveenabelnige” utd de Binmes-eroglyphs MOK 4, 1991p aT "A Cover, Le temple de Lommor I fcioul: Comuuetons drawsvophis 0, Pars 14, PL XLY, ig. 128 Same, CENTRE BrARCHEOLOGIE MEDITERRAMEENYE DDE UAC ABEMIE FOLONABS: DES SCIENCES ETUDES ec TRAVAUX XxIt 2008 Zsout Kiss Autour de Bérénice