INTRODUCTION (in Power Point) We hope you will enjoy exploring St Paul !

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St. Pauls Cathedral is not only the Cathedral church of the London diocese, but it can also be called the Nations Cathedral. Dominating the London skyline for hundreds of years, St.Pauls has been the scene of many important events. rom its earliest days as the home of the Shrine of St. !rken"ald, people have been attracted to the site on Ludgate #ill to "orship $od, and to see the spectacle of the building itself. Destroyed by the $reat ire of London in %&&&, St. Pauls "as rebuilt according to the radical plans of Sir Christopher 'ren, and stands today as a symbol of faith and an ob(ect of beauty in the City of London.

St. Pauls is a Cathedral of the Church of !ngland, part of the "orld"ide )nglican Communion. *t is the Cathedral of the London Diocese, and is the seat of the +ishop of London.)bout t"o million people visit the Cathedral every year. !very person in the country lives in a parish. Parishes usually have several parishioners, people "ho live in the parish even if they dont go to the church. ,hey are under the care of the parish priest, or Parishes are grouped together under the care of a bishop. *t is the bishops task to oversee the running of all these parishes, and this large area is called a diocese. ,here are -. )nglican dioceses in !ngland. Each diocese has a large church called a )athe/ral. This is where people from all over the diocese can come and worship together, usually on special occasions. Many Cathedrals in Britain are very old, dating from the 11th or 12th centuries, and are built on even older foundations. arishes are grouped together under the care of a bishop. !t is the bishop"s tas# to oversee the running of all these parishes, and this large area is called a diocese. There are $% &nglican dioceses in England. St. Paul/s Cathedral is the main church of the )nglican London Diocese and "as completed in the %0%1. *n the 2uire you can see special chair or cathedra of ,he +ishop of London. #aving a bishop/s chair is "hat makes a Cathedral more than (ust a large church. ,here has been a Cathedral on the site of St. Paul/s in London since &1- )D. ,hat means that $od has been "orshipped on the site, !3!45 D)5 for over fourteen hundred years6 !ach diocese has a large church called a cathedral. ,his is "here people from all over the diocese can come and "orship together, usually on special occasions. 7any Cathedrals in +ritain are very old, dating from the %%th or %8th centuries, and are built on even older fundations. ,he person in charge of a Cathedral is called the Dean. #e or she is a priest, and

is assisted by Canons, some priests and some lay 9not ordained: people, "ho make up the Chapter. Since Cathedrals are also tourist attractions today, they employ a vast range of staff, from *, to Customer Services. St. Pauls employs about %;1 people, making it a medium si<ed business as "ell as a place of "orkship. ABOUT THE CATHEDRALS HISTORY

,he see of London dates from 60 AD, and its cathedral has al"ays been situated on Ludgate #ill and dedicated to St Paul. Long before Christianity arrived in +ritain, Ludgate #ill "as already a sacred site. *t is believed that it "as originally the site of an ancient megalith and then later a temple dedicated to the goddess Diana, in alignment "ith the )pollo ,emple "hich once stood at 'estminster. ,he first cathedral "as built by the Sa=ons in "ood. *t burned do"n in &0; and "as rebuilt, again in "ood, ten years later. )fter this version "as sacked by the 3ikings in >&8, the ?second? St Paul@s built, this time mainly in stone. ,he third St Paul@s 9kno"n as Ald St Paul@s:, "as begun by the Normans aftered the late Sa=on cathedral suffered in a fire of %1B0. 'ork took over t"o hundred years, and a great deal "as lost in a fire in %%.&. Nonetheless the roof "as once more built of "ood, "hich "as ultimately to doom the building. ,he church "as ?completed? in %8-1 but a change of heart soon led to the commencement of an enlargement programme, "hich "as not completed until %.%-.

,he cathedral "as ho"ever consecrated in %.11. *t "as the third longest church in !urope at ;>& feet 9%B% metres: and boasted one of !urope@s tallest spires at some -B> feet 9%-> metres:. +y the %&th century the building "as decaying. *n %;-> radical preachers incited a mob to destroy many of the interior decorations. *n %;&% the spire "as destroyed by lightning and it "as not replaced. !ngland@s first classical architect Sir *nigo Cones added ne" "est front in the %&.1s. ?Ald St Paul@s? "as ruined in the $reat ire of London of %&&&. 'hile it might have been salvagable, albeit "ith almost complete reconstruction, a decision "as taken to build a ne" cathedral in a modern style instead. *ndeed this had been contemplated even before the fire. 'ork on the present cathedral commenced in %&0;, and "as completed on Oc!ober "0, #$0%, the 0&th birthday of its architect, Sir Christopher 'ren 9%&.8D%08.:. *t is built of Portland stone in a late 4enaissance to +aroEue style. *ts impressive dome inspired by St. Peter@s +asilica in 4ome, rising %1B metres 9.&; feet to the cross at its summit, i.e., one foot for each day of the year:, makes it a famous London landmark. *n 8111, the cathedral began a ma(or restoration program, scheduled for completion in 811B, to celebrate the .11th anniversary of its opening. ,he restoration programme is e=pected to cost F-1 million, and involves not only repair and cleaning of the building, but also improvement of visitor facilities D such as accessibility for the disabled and additional educational facilities.

P)4,S A ,#! C),#!D4)L #ere you have a general image about the plan of the catedral. No" "e are going to anali<e carefully its differents parts.

Dome and Galleries

,he main space of the cathedral is centred under the dome, "hich rises %1B.- meters from the cathedral floor. )t .&1 feet 9%%1 meters:, it is the second largest dome in the "orld after St. Peter@s +asilica in 4ome. ,he inside of the dome is decorated "ith frescos by Sir Cames ,hornhill, the most important painter of 'ren@s time. ,he dome contains three circular galleries D the internal 'hispering $allery, the e=ternal Stone $allery and the e=ternal $olden $allery. ,he 'hispering $allery derives its name from its unusual acoustics, "hich cause "hispers to echo around the dome. ,he entrance to the galleries is at the right side 9south aisle:, (ust before the dome. Climb the 8;> steps to try out the 'hispering $allery and en(oy the vie" from the Stone $allery. ,he $olden $allery is at the highest point of the dome, under the lantern.

The &ltar

,he idea of the altar came from Cudaism. 'hen the first Christians built churches, they put in altars. ,hey broke bread on them as a reminder of the death of Cesus, as a sacrifice for all people.

)ltars reflect the beliefs of groups of Christians. or e=ample, 4oman Catholics see communion, or 7ass, as the central act of "orship. ,he )ltar in a Catholic church is highly decorated. *t also contain relics of saints. Protestant Christians tend to have a simple "ooden table, often "ith a +ible on top, to reflect their belief in the importante of the Scripture. 7ost Cathedrals in +ritain "ere built before the 4eformation, so their altars tend to be Euite ornate. #o"ever, many "ere attacked by Puritans during the %0th Century and much of the decoration "as destroyed. ,he 3ictorians replaced the simple "ooden altar at St. Pauls, in %BBB, "ith a large, ornate one, topped "ith a marble screen. *n %>-1, this altar "as damaged by a bomb and the present altar "as completed in %>;B. *t is based on a design by Sir Christopher 'ren.

)pse and )mbulatory

+ehind the #igh )ltar is a semicircular area called the apse. ,his is a found in the earliest of church buildings. *n many cathedrals, this area is a chapel, often dedicated to Cesus/ mother, 7ary, and kno"n as the Lady Chapel. ,he chapel in the apse of St. Paul/s "as built after 'orld 'ar 8, and is kno"n as the )merican 7emorial Chapel. *t remembers all the North )merican soldiers, based in +ritain, "ho died during the Se cond 'orld 'ar.

The 'ave

,he nave of a Cathedralis the main area in "hich people sit during "orkship. 7ost churches and cathedrals are built in a crossDshape. ,his reminds Christians that Cesus died on a cross. ,he nave is lined by columns or piers and strictly speaking refers only to the central aisle. ,he image of the ship being held firmly by $od despite the "inds and "aves, also e=plains the use of the ship as a symbol for the church "hich still sometimos suffers persecution in some parts ,he nave "as "here the ordinary people sat. ,he main focus of "orship "as at the #igh )ltar. ,his "as hidden from the nave by the rood screen so only the choir and priests could see.

The Quire and Sanctuary

,he 2uire is "here the choir and clergy sit during services. ,he Sanctuary is the area around the #igh )ltar.
The Quire

*n many older Cathedrals and churches, the 2uire "as separated from the rest of the Cathedral by a decorated rood screen.

)t St. Pauls, this screen "as topped by the organ. ,he Cathedrals architect, Sir Christopher 'ren disliked this as it spoilt the vie" do"n the full length of the building. *n %B0%, it "as removed and the organ split in t"o. *t can no" be seen on either side of the 'est end of the 2uire. ,he Sanctuary is the area around the altar "hich is generally not entered, e=cept by priests "hen presiding over the !ucharist. *t is considered a holy 9separate: area surrounding the altar. )t St. Pauls, the Dome altar is surrounded by a "ooden dais "hich is considered a Sanctuary, and so access to the 2uire is from the )mbulatory.

The Transepts
The Crossing South Transept

North Transept 7any churches and Cathedrals are built in a cross shape to remind Christians

that CesGs died on the Cross. ,he North and South ,ransepts are the (arms of the cross. Side chapels are found in the transepts of cathedrals. St. Pauls has only one side chapel in the transepts. ,he 7iddlese= Chapel in the North ,ransept is for private prayer. ) famous painting of Cesus, The Light of the World, by #olman #unt is there. St. Pauls calls ,he Crossing the Dome )rea/ as it is directly beneath the Dome.

The Cathedra

,he Cathedra is the oficial seat of a bishop, and is "hat distinguishes a Catedral from a church, and gives it its name. 'hen there is an important service, the +ishop #ill come to the Cathedral and sit in the Cathedra . ,he Cathedra in St. Paul/s is found on the North side of the 2uire. *t is beatiful carved "ith cherubs, flo"ers and plants. *t "as completed in %&>0.

Chapels
,he nave has three small chapels in the t"o ad(oining aisles. ,o the left 9north aisle: is S!& D'ns!an(s Chape), "hich "as one of the earliest parts of the cathedral to come into use. *t "as originally kno"n as the 7orning Chapel, as it "as designed to be the place "here the clergy and a small congregation "ould say the morning office 9set of prayers:. *n %>1; it "as dedicated to St. Dunstan, "ho "as +ishop of London and )rchbishop of Canterbury over %,111 years ago. *t originally had no altar, as it "as not intended for the celebration of communion, but "as richly decorated in purple and red silk curtains and cushions. A)) So')s Chape) is further do"n on the left side 9north aisle: )ll Souls contains

a beautiful pieta of 7ary and Cesus and is dedicated primarily to soldiers of 'orld 'ar *. ,he Chape) o* !he Order o* S!& +ichae) and S!& ,eor-e is across from St. Dunstan@s on the right side 9south aisle:. ,his "as originally the consistory court D the place "here the bishop sat in (udgment over the clergy, or priests. *t "as used as a studio for the construction of 'ellington@s monument bet"een %B;B and %B0B.